In 2023, NASA's Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) reported that the summer was the hottest on record since 1880. June, July, and August of that year were 0.41 degrees Fahrenheit (0.23 degrees Celsius) warmer than any previous summer in NASA's records and 2.1 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) hotter than the average summer between 1951 and 1980. August alone was 2.2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) warmer than the average